The headscarf was popularized in the religions that emerged from the region, with early Christians and Jews covering their hair with veils according to their sacred texts. Conservative groups uphold the traditions, from Catholic nuns who wear the habit, to married Orthodox Jewish women who don the tichel a type of headscarf or sheitel a wig.
In Islam, the Quran's verses about modesty have been interpreted in different ways, with some regarding head covering as obligatory and others as a choice. Political systems, geography and ethnicity also play a crucial role in how and if women choose to cover their heads.
Orthodox Jewish women visit the Israel Museum in Jerusalem in A tool for resistance. Like the black leather jackets worn by the Black Panther Party during the US civil rights movement and the beret popularized by Che Guevara during the Cuban revolution, scarves have become ubiquitous with social movements throughout history.
In , Louisiana legislators enacted the Tignon Laws, requiring Black and mixed-race women to wrap their heads in cloth. In reality, Black and mixed women had already been wrapping their hair as a marker of an identity separate from the mainstream," said Jonathan Michael Square, a scholar of fashion and visual culture in the African diaspora at Harvard University.
Understanding the dress codes of Orthodox Jewish women and their diverse interpretations. In , France banned religious garments including the Muslim hijab in state schools, and in banned full-face veils in public as well. Other countries have enacted similar rules; the United Nations has stated that the ban on full-face niqab could further marginalize Muslim women and is a violation of their human rights.
Several countries, including France, Germany and Austria, have limited women from wearing full-face coverings such as the niqab and burka in public spaces. The bans have been met with public protests. In , organizers staged a protest in France after a mother was banned from a school trip for wearing a hijab. Last year, demonstrators in Denmark wore makeshift coverings across their faces after a law was passed banning face-covering veils in public. A Fashion fixture.
As early as the s French fashion houses were dreaming up designs that included colorful, embellished scarves on the head. Fashion plates for designs by French couturier Paul Poiret show headscarves in bold patterns, sometimes affixed with a centered jewel. Credit: AP. Following the Women's Suffrage movement, women began enjoying more freedom in their lifestyles and their fashion.
They donned bobbed hairdos, participated in sports and fitness, and covered their hair while riding in new convertible automobiles, according to fashion historian Sarah C. Hollywood starlets including Anna Mae Wong and Evelyn Brent were captured on and off the screen with sophisticated silk wraps or more bohemian scarves that were worn wide across their foreheads. Silent film actress Anna May Wong was known for her taste in headscarves. World War II saw the return of the utilitarian headscarf, as women in the UK and US took up jobs in factories as men went off to fight.
This is more so for immigrants in Europe and the United States , where there has been an increase in Islamophobia. I was told that to be a Muslim was to be a terrorist and that to be outwardly Muslim was to endorse violence and oppression … I understood that I would be unwelcome as long as I wore symbols of my heritage and chose to, in however modern a way, embrace my ancestors. Muslim African-American women in the U.
They also want to dispel the assumption that all African-Americans are Christians, and that only people with origins abroad can be Muslim. In fact, 13 percent of adult Muslims in the U. S are black Americans born in the country.
For many other women, the headscarf has become a means of resistance to standards of feminine beauty that demand more exposure.
Proponents of this view argue that removing clothing for the benefit of the male gaze does not equal liberation. According to researchers, women in hijabs note that employers must interact with them based on their qualifications rather than their appearance and that, therefore, the hijab levels the playing field. In Western countries, however, women find that wearing a head covering makes it harder to get hired.
Finally, for some women, the headscarf is a convenience. It can reduce comments from others about women being out in public and lessen incidents of harassment on the street and at work. Despite the multiple, complicated reasons behind wearing a hijab, there are those who routinely assert that women who wear a headscarf are necessarily oppressed. Examples of hijab-wearing women in the government, such as newly elected Congresswoman Ilhan Omar , or athletes such as Olympian fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad , may help dispel these stereotypes.
Festival of Social Science — Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire.
0コメント