The eminent freedom fighter returned to India at the age of 22 in order to practice law with his father Motilal Nehru. On courage: It is only too easy to make suggestions and later try to escape the consequences of what we say. On life: Life is like a game of cards.
The hand you are dealt is determinism; the way you play it is free will. On Failure: Failure comes only when we forget our ideals and objective and principles.
We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm and adventure. There is no end to the adventures that we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.
A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new; when an age ends; and when the soul of a nation long suppressed finds utterance. The forces in a capitalist society, if left unchecked, tend to make the rich richer and the poor poorer.
Loyal and efficient work in a great cause, even though it may not be immediately recognised, ultimately bears fruit. It is science alone that can solve the problems of hunger and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy, of superstition and deadening of custom and tradition, of vast resources running to waste, or a rich country inhabited by starving poor Who indeed could afford to ignore science today?
At every turn we have to seek its aid The future belongs to science and those who make friends with science. Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. His health began deteriorating in the early s and he passed away on May 27, Follow more stories on Facebook and Twitter.
Share Via. Jawaharlal will be my successor. At the outbreak of World War II in September , British viceroy Lord Linlithgow committed India to the war effort without consulting the now-autonomous provincial ministries. In response, the Congress Party withdrew its representatives from the provinces and Gandhi staged a limited civil disobedience movement in which he and Nehru were jailed yet again.
Nehru spent a little over a year in jail and was released with other Congress prisoners three days before Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese.
When Japanese troops soon moved near the borders of India in the spring of , the British government decided to enlist India to combat this new threat, but Gandhi, who still essentially had the reins of the movement, would accept nothing less than independence and called on the British to leave India. Nehru reluctantly joined Gandhi in his hardline stance and the pair were again arrested and jailed, this time for nearly three years. By , within two years of Nehru's release, simmering animosity had reached a fever pitch between the Congress Party and the Muslim League, who had always wanted more power in a free India.
The last British viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, was charged with finalizing the British roadmap for withdrawal with a plan for a unified India. Despite his reservations, Nehru acquiesced to Mountbatten and the Muslim League's plan to divide India, and in August , Pakistan was created—the new country Muslim and India predominantly Hindu.
The importance of Nehru in the context of Indian history can be distilled to the following points: he imparted modern values and thought, stressed secularism, insisted upon the basic unity of India, and, in the face of ethnic and religious diversity, carried India into the modern age of scientific innovation and technological progress.
He also prompted social concern for the marginalized and poor and respect for democratic values. Nehru was especially proud to reform the antiquated Hindu civil code. Finally, Hindu widows could enjoy equality with men in matters of inheritance and property. Nehru also changed Hindu law to criminalize caste discrimination. Nehru's administration established many Indian institutions of higher learning, including the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, the Indian Institutes of Technology, and the National Institutes of Technology, and guaranteed in his five-year plans free and compulsory primary education to all of India's children.
The Kashmir region—which was claimed by both India and Pakistan—was a perennial problem throughout Nehru's leadership, and his cautious efforts to settle the dispute ultimately failed, resulting in Pakistan making an unsuccessful attempt to seize Kashmir by force in The region has remained in dispute into the 21st century. Internationally, starting in the late s, both the United States and the U. To this end, Nehru co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement of nations professing neutrality.
His pacifist and inclusive policies with respect to China came undone when border disputes led to the Sino-Indian war in , which ended when China declared a ceasefire on November 20, , and announced its withdrawal from the disputed area in the Himalayas. Nehru's four pillars of domestic policies were democracy, socialism, unity, and secularism, and he largely succeeded in maintaining a strong foundation of all four during his tenure as president. While serving his country, he enjoyed iconic status and was widely admired internationally for his idealism and statesmanship.
His birthday, November 14, is celebrated in India as Baal Divas "Children's Day" in recognition of his lifelong passion and work on behalf of children and young people.
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