It also protects against types 31, 33, 45, 52, and The Gardasil 4 vaccine, also known as the Gardasil vaccine , was available in the United States until It protects against the four most common types. A third vaccine, Cervarix, left U. It protects against types 16 and Doctors can give the vaccine as a series of three shots over six months. Children who begin the vaccination series before they turn 15 will receive just two shots instead over the course of 6 to 12 months.
They can determine whether this is the best option for you. It often has few or no symptoms, which is why getting…. Most sexually active men and women will have HPV at some point in their lives. About 40 types of HPV are sexually transmitted. In rare cases, HPV is a…. If you or your partner is diagnosed with HPV, you may have some questions.
What is it? How do I talk to my partner about it? HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause problems from genital warts…. Most sexually active people will have some strain at some point in their lives. Here's why HPV testing is important and what…. A test for HPV is available for women, but usually it is not covered by provincial health care coverage. Women must pay out-of-pocket for this test. It is not generally recommended for women under the age of On the other hand, the Pap test is freely available and is covered by provincial health care coverage.
The main purpose of the Pap test is to find abnormal cell changes caused by HPV that may arise from cervical cancer or before cancer develops. If you are a sexually active woman, talk to your health care provider about screening for cervical cancer and the Pap test. Precancerous cervical cells and lesions detected in a Pap test can be treated and cancer can be prevented.
Most HPV infections in young men and women are transient, lasting no more than one or two years. Usually, the body clears the infection on its own. It is those infections that persist which may lead to cancer. There is some research that suggests that the virus can hide deep in the affected mucosa or skin for several years, below detectable levels. Having an HPV-positive test followed by an HPV-negative test might mean two different things: that the virus has been completely cleared by the body, or that the level of infection is so small that laboratory tests cannot detect it.
It is unknown what proportion of HPV infections go latent, nor what proportions are truly cleared by the body. It is possible. There are several types of HPV. Infection with one type will not result in immunity to the other types. Moreover, research has yet to determine whether infection and clearance from one type of HPV provides immunity against subsequent infections from the same HPV type. If minor abnormalities in cervical cells are found in a Pap test, women are usually asked to return to their health care provider in six months for repeat screening.
If the abnormal cells are more severe, women go to a gynecology clinic where the cells of the cervix can be examined more closely colposcopy. Lesions can be removed using surgical methods. Treatment for men with HPV-related lesions other than genital warts varies according to the type and severity of the found lesion.
If the lesion is mild, your doctor may choose to wait and see if it clears up on its own. If the lesion is moderate to severe, your doctor will likely refer you to have it surgically removed.
HPV types 6 and 11 cause most genital warts, and types 16 and 18 cause most cervical cancers. Click here for more details. Girls and women may receive HPV vaccination for free until the age of After this time, it is still accessible to women although it is not included in provincial health care coverage. The McGill Division of Cancer Epidemiology has recently launched the TRAP-HPV study aiming to shed light on the effects of vaccinating both partners among young heterosexual couples on reducing the transmission of the virus.
Since the vaccine does not prevent infections from all types of HPV, women who receive the vaccine would still need regular Pap tests. There have also been technological developments that may improve cervical cancer screening, such as the ThinPrep Pap test and incorporating HPV testing with Pap testing. The use of such technologies to improve existing screening practices are currently being investigated.
Carrageenan may represent a very cost-effective prevention method against the transmission of the virus. The CATCH research team is seeking women aging from 18 to 29 years of age to participate in this study. For more information about HPV, cervical cancer, and safer sex, check out the following websites:. They can be small or large, raised or flat or shaped like a cauliflower. Your health care provider can diagnose warts by looking at your genital area. Cervical and oral cancers are diagnosed via screening tests.
Although there is no cure for the HPV virus itself yet, there are treatments available for the health problems that HPV can cause. Genital warts can be treated by your doctor with prescription medication. If you leave your warts untreated, they may go away, stay the same or increase in size or number. HPV may lead to cervical cancer in some cases. Thanks to routine Pap tests and follow-ups when needed, doctors can track problems before cancer develops.
The HPV test and Pap tests will help your health provider find anything precancerous long before it becomes cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society projected that 13, new cases of cervical cancer would be diagnosed in
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